Abatzoglou, J. T., Dobrowski, S. Z., Parks, S. A., and Hegewisch, K. C.: TerraClimate, a High-Resolution Global Dataset of Monthly Climate and Climatic Water Balance from 1958–2015, Sci. Data, 5, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.191, 2018.
Alvarez-Garreton, C., Mendoza, P. A., Boisier, J. P., Addor, N., Galleguillos, M., Zambrano-Bigiarini, M., Lara, A., Puelma, C., Cortes, G., Garreaud, R., McPhee, J., and Ayala, A.: The CAMELS-CL dataset: catchment attributes and meteorology for large sample studies– Chile dataset, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5817–5846, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5817-2018, 2018.
Autin, P., Sicart, J. E., Rabatel, A., Soruco, A., and Hock, R.: Climate Controls on the Interseasonal and Interannual Variability of the Surface Mass and Energy Balances of a Tropical Glacier (Zongo Glacier, Bolivia, 16° S): New Insights From the Multi-Year Application of a Distributed Energy Balance Model, J.Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035410, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035410, 2022.
Ayala, Á., Pellicciotti, F., MacDonell, S., McPhee, J., and Burlando, P.: Patterns of glacier ablation across North-Central Chile: Identifying the limits of empirical melt models under sublimation-favorable conditions, Water Resour. Res., 53, 5601–5625, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020126, 2017.
Ayala, Á., Farías-Barahona, D., Huss, M., Pellicciotti, F., McPhee, J., and Farinotti, D.: Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile, The Cryosphere, 14, 2005–2027, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020, 2020.
Baraer, M., Mark, B. G., Mckenzie, J. M., Condom, T., Bury, J., Huh, K.-I., Portocarrero, C., Gómez, J., and Rathay, S.: Glacier Recession and Water Resources in Peru's Cordillera Blanca, J.Glaciol., 58, 134–150, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J186, 2012.
Basantes-Serrano, R., Rabatel, A., Francou, B., Vincent, C., Soruco, A., Condom, T., and Ruíz, J. C.: New insights into the decadal variability in glacier volume of a tropical ice cap, Antisana (0°29′ S, 78°09′ W), explained by the morpho-topographic and climatic context, The Cryosphere, 16, 4659–4677, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4659-2022, 2022.
Braun, L. N. and Renner, C. B.: Application of a conceptual runoff model in different physiographic regions of Switzerland, Hydrolog. Sci.J., 37, 217–231. 1992.
Bravo, C., Loriaux, T., Rivera, A., and Brock, B. W.: Assessing glacier melt contribution to streamflow at Universidad Glacier, central Andes of Chile, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3249–3266, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3249-2017, 2017.
Burger, F., Ayala, A., Farias, D., Shaw, T. E., MacDonell, S., Brock, B., McPhee, J., and Pellicciotti, F.: Interannual Variability in Glacier Contribution to Runoff from a High-elevation Andean Catchment: Understanding the Role of Debris Cover in Glacier Hydrology, Hydrol. Process., 33, 214–229, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13354, 2019.
Caro, A.: Estudios glaciológicos en los nevados de Chillán, University of Chile, Santiago, [thesis], https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116536 (last access: September 2022), 2014.
Caro, A.: Hydrological Response of Andean Catchments to Recent Glacier Mass Loss (data), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7890462, 2023.
Caro, A., Condom, T., and Rabatel, A.: Climatic and Morphometric Explanatory Variables of Glacier Changes in the Andes (8–55° S): New Insights From Machine Learning Approaches, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 713011, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.713011, 2021.
Cauvy-Fraunié, S. and Dangles, O.: A Global Synthesis of Biodiversity Responses to Glacier Retreat. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3 (12), 1675–1685, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1042-8, 2019.
CEAZA: Datos meteorológicos de Chile, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas [data set], http://www.ceazamet.cl/ (last access: July 2022), 2022.
CECs: Meteorological data measured by Centro de Estudios Científicos, Centro de Estudios Científicos, 2018.
Condom, T., Escobar, M., Purkey, D., Pouget, J. C., Suarez, W., Ramos, C., Apaestegui, J., Zapata, M., Gomez, J., and Vergara, W.: Modelling the hydrologic role of glaciers within a Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP): a case study in the Rio Santa watershed (Peru), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 8, 869–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-869-2011, 2011.
Crippen, R., Buckley, S., Agram, P., Belz, E., Gurrola, E., Hensley, S., Kobrick, M., Lavalle, M., Martin, J., Neumann, M., Nguyen, Q., Rosen, P., Shimada, J., Simard, M., and Tung, W.: NASADEM Global Elevation Model: Methods and Progress. The International Archives of thePhotogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLI-B4, 125–128. (20), 2016.
Devenish, C. and Gianella, C.: Sustainable Mountain Development in the Andes. 20Years of Sustainable Mountain Development in the Andes– from Rio 1992 to 2012 and beyond, CONDESAN, Lima, Peru, 2012.
DGA: Datos de estudios hidroglaciológicos de Chile, Dirección General de Aguas [data set], https://snia.mop.gob.cl (last access: July2022), 2022.
Dussaillant, A., Buytaert, W., Meier, C., and Espinoza, F.: Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: the Baker basin in Patagonia, Hydrolog. Sci.J., 57, 1530–1542, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2012.726993, 2012.
Dussaillant, I., Berthier, E., Brun, F., Masiokas, M., Hugonnet, R., Favier, V., Rabatel, A., Pitte, P., and Ruiz, L.: Two Decades of Glacier Mass Loss along the Andes, Nat. Geosci., 12, 802–808, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0432-5, 2019.
Farías-Barahona, D., Wilson, R., Bravo, C., Vivero, S., Caro, A., Shaw, T. E., Casassa, G., Ayala, A., Mejías, A., Harrison, S., Glasser, N. F., McPhee6, J., Wündrich, O., and Braun, M.: A Near 90-year Record of the Evolution of ElMorado Glacier and its Proglacial lake, Central Chilean Andes, J.Glaciol., 66, 846–860, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.52, 2020.
Farinotti, D., Huss, M., Bauder, A., Funk, M., and Truffer, M.: A method to estimate the ice volume and ice-thickness distribution of alpine glaciers, J. Glaciol., 55, 422–430, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788816759, 2009.
Farinotti, D., Huss, M., Fürst, J. J., Landmann, J., Machguth, H., Maussion, F., and Pandit, A.: A consensus estimate for the ice thickness distribution of all glaciers on Earth, Nat. Geosci., 12, 168–173, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0300-3, 2019.
Favier, V., Wagnon, P., Chazarin, J.-P., Maisincho, L., and Coudrain, A.: One-year measurements of surface heat budget on the ablation zone of Antizana glacier15, Ecuadorian Andes, J.Geophys. Res., 109, D18105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004359, 2004.
f*ckami, H. and Naruse, R.: Ablation of ice and heat balance on Soler glacier, Patagonia, Bulletin of Glacier Research, 4, 37–42, 1987.
Gao, L., Bernhardt, M., and Schulz, K.: Elevation correction of ERA-Interim temperature data in complex terrain, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4661–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4661-2012, 2012.
Garreaud, R. D., Alvarez-Garreton, C., Barichivich, J., Boisier, J. P., Christie, D., Galleguillos, M., LeQuesne, C., McPhee, J., and Zambrano-Bigiarini, M.: The 2010–2015 megadrought in central Chile: impacts on regional hydroclimate and vegetation, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6307–6327, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6307-2017, 2017.
Gascoin, S., Kinnard, C., Ponce, R., Lhermitte, S., MacDonell, S., and Rabatel, A.: Glacier contribution to streamflow in two headwaters of the Huasco River, Dry Andes of Chile, The Cryosphere, 5, 1099–1113, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-1099-2011, 2011.
GLACIOCLIM: Données météorologiques, Service d’Observation GLACIOCLIM [data set], https://glacioclim.osug.fr/Donnees-des-Andes (last access: July 2022), 2022.
Guido, Z., McIntosh, J. C., Papuga, S. A., and Meixner, T.: Seasonal Glacial Meltwater Contributions to Surface Water in the Bolivian Andes: A Case Study Using Environmental Tracers, J.Hydrol. Reg. Stud., 8, 260–273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2016.10.002, 2016.
Hernández, J., Mazzorana, B., Loriaux, T., and Iribarren, P.: Reconstrucción de caudales en la Cuenca Alta del Río Huasco, utilizando el modelo Cold Regional Hydrological Model (CRHM), AAGG2021, 2021.
Hock, R.: Temperature index melt modelling in mountain areas, J.Hydrol., 282, 104–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00257-9, 2003.
Hugonnet, R., McNabb, R., Berthier, E., Menounos, B., Nuth, C., Girod, L., Farinotti, D., Huss, M., Dussaillant, I., Brun, F., and Kääb, A.: Accelerated global glacier mass loss in the early twenty-first century, Nature, 592, 726–731, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z, 2021.
Huss, M. and Hock, R.: A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise, Front. Earth Sci., 3, 54, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054, 2015.
Huss, M. and Hock, R.: Global-scale hydrological response to future glacier mass loss, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 135–140, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0049-x, 2018.
IANIGLA: Datos meteorológicos, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [data set], https://observatorioandino.com/estaciones/ (last access: July 2022), 2022.
Kienholz, C., Rich, J. L., Arendt, A. A., and Hock, R.: A new method for deriving glacier centerlines applied to glaciers in Alaska and northwest Canada, The Cryosphere, 8, 503–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-503-2014, 2014.
Koizumi, K. and Naruse, R.: Measurements of meteorological conditions and ablation at Tyndall Glacier, Southern Patagonia, in December 1990, Bulletin of Glacier Research, 10, 79–82, 1992.
Krogh, S. A., Pomeroy, J. W., and McPhee, J.: Physically based hydrological modelling using reanalysis data in Patagonia, J.Hydrometeorol., 16, 172–193, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0178.1, 2014.
Lehner, B. and Grill, G.: Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new approaches to study the world’s large river systems, Hydrol. Process., 27, 2171–2186, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9740, 2013.
MacDonell, S., Kinnard, C., Mölg, T., Nicholson, L., and Abermann, J.: Meteorological drivers of ablation processes on a cold glacier in the semi-arid Andes of Chile, The Cryosphere, 7, 1513–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1513-2013, 2013.
Malmros, J. K., Mernild, S. H., Wilson, R., Yde, J. C., and Fensholt, R.: Glacier Area Changes in the central Chilean and Argentinean Andes 1955–2013/14, J.Glaciol., 62, 391–401, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.43, 2016.
Marangunic, C., Ugalde, F., Apey, A., Armendáriz, I., Bustamante, M., and Peralta, C.: Ecosistemas de montaña de la cuenca alta del río Mapocho, Glaciares en la cuenca alta del río Mapocho: variaciones y características principales, AngloAmerican– CAPES UC, Santiago de Chile, 2021.
Mark, B. and Seltzer, G.: Tropical glacier meltwater contribution to stream discharge: A case study in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, J.Glaciol., 49, 271–281, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830746, 2003.
Marzeion, B., Jarosch, A. H., and Hofer, M.: Past and future sea-level change from the surface mass balance of glaciers, The Cryosphere, 6, 1295–1322, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1295-2012, 2012.
Masiokas, M. H., Christie, D. A., LeQuesne, C., Pitte, P., Ruiz, L., Villalba, R., Luckman, B. H., Berthier, E., Nussbaumer, S. U., Gonzälez-Reyes, Á., McPhee, J., and Barcaza, G.: Reconstructing the annual mass balance of the Echaurren Norte glacier (Central Andes, 33.5° S) using local and regional hydroclimatic data, The Cryosphere, 10, 927–940, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-927-2016, 2016.
Masiokas, M. H., Rabatel, A., Rivera, A., Ruiz, L., Pitte, P., Ceballos, J. L., Barcaza, G., Soruco, A., Bown, F., Berthier, E., Dussaillant, I., and MacDonell, S.: A Review of the Current State and Recent Changes of the Andean Cryosphere, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00099, 2020.
Mateo, E. I., Mark, B. G., Hellström, R. Å., Baraer, M., McKenzie, J. M., Condom, T., Rapre, A. C., Gonzales, G., Gómez, J. Q., and Encarnación, R. C. C.: High-temporal-resolution hydrometeorological data collected in the tropical Cordillera Blanca, Peru (2004–2020), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2865–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2865-2022, 2022.
Maussion, F., Butenko, A., Champollion, N., Dusch, M., Eis, J., Fourteau, K., Gregor, P., Jarosch, A. H., Landmann, J., Oesterle, F., Recinos, B., Rothenpieler, T., Vlug, A., Wild, C. T., and Marzeion, B.: The Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) v1.1, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 909–931, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019, 2019.
Meier, W. J.-H., Grießinger, J., Hochreuther, P., and Braun, M. H.: An Updated Multi-Temporal Glacier Inventory for the Patagonian Andes With Changes Between the Little Ice Age and 2016, Front. Earth Sci., 6, 62, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00062, 2018.
Millan, R., Mouginot, J., Rabatel, A., and Morlighem, M. : Ice velocity and thickness of the world's glaciers, Nat. Geosci., 15, 124–129, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00885-z, 2022.
NASA JPL: NASADEM Merged DEM Global 1arcsecond V001 [Data set], NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/NASADEM/NASADEM _HGT.001, 2020.
Rabassa, J.: Elcambio climático global en la Patagonia desde el viaje de Charles Darwin hasta nuestros días, Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67, 139–156, 2010.
Rabatel, A., Castebrunet, H., Favier, V., Nicholson, L., and Kinnard, C.: Glacier changes in the Pascua-Lama region, Chilean Andes (29° S): recent mass balance and 50 yr surface area variations, The Cryosphere, 5, 1029–1041, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-1029-2011, 2011.
Rabatel, A., Bermejo, A., Loarte, E., Soruco, A., Gomez, J., Leonardini, G., Vincent, C., and Sicart, J. E.: Relationship between snowline altitude, equilibrium-line altitude and mass balance on outer tropical glaciers: Glaciar Zongo– Bolivia, 16° S and Glaciar Artesonraju– Peru, 9° S, J.Glaciol., 58, 1027–1036, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG12J027, 2012.
Rabatel, A., Francou, B., Soruco, A., Gomez, J., Cáceres, B., Ceballos, J. L., Basantes, R., Vuille, M., Sicart, J.-E., Huggel, C., Scheel, M., Lejeune, Y., Arnaud, Y., Collet, M., Condom, T., Consoli, G., Favier, V., Jomelli, V., Galarraga, R., Ginot, P., Maisincho, L., Mendoza, J., Ménégoz, M., Ramirez, E., Ribstein, P., Suarez, W., Villacis, M., and Wagnon, P.: Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change, The Cryosphere, 7, 81–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013.
Ragettli, S. and Pellicciotti, F.: Calibration of a Physically Based, Spatially Distributed Hydrological Model in a Glacierized basin: On the Use of Knowledge from Glaciometeorological Processes to Constrain Model Parameters, Water Resour. Res., 48, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010559, 2012.
RGI Consortium: Randolph Glacier Inventory– A Dataset of Global Glacier Outlines, Version6, NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado, USA, https://doi.org/10.7265/4m1f-gd79, 2017.
Rivera, A.: Mass balance investigations at Glaciar Chico, Southern Patagonia Icefield, Chile, PhD thesis, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, 303pp, 2004.
Robson, B. A., MacDonell, S., Ayala, Á., Bolch, T., Nielsen, P. R., and Vivero, S.: Glacier and rock glacier changes since the 1950s in the La Laguna catchment, Chile, The Cryosphere, 16, 647–665, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-647-2022, 2022.
Rounce, D. R., Khurana, T., Short, M. B., Hock, R., Shean, D. E., and Brinkerhoff, D. J.: Quantifying parameter uncertainty in a large-scale glacier evolution model using Bayesian inference: application to High Mountain Asia, J.Glaciol., 66, 175–187, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.91, 2020.
Ruiz, L., Berthier, E., Viale, M., Pitte, P., and Masiokas, M. H.: Recent geodetic mass balance of Monte Tronador glaciers, northern Patagonian Andes, The Cryosphere, 11, 619–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-619-2017, 2017.
Schaefer, M., Rodriguez, J., Scheiter, M., and Casassa, G.: Climate and surface mass balance of Mocho Glacier, Chilean Lake District, 40° S, J.Glaciol., 63, 218–228, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.129, 2017.
Schuster. L., Rounce, D. R., and Maussion, F.: Glacier projections sensitivity to temperature-index model choices and calibration strategies, Ann. Glaciol., 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2023.57, 2023.
Seehaus, T., Malz, P., Sommer, C., Lippl, S., Cochachin, A., and Braun, M.: Changes of the tropical glaciers throughout Peru between 2000 and 2016– mass balance and area fluctuations, The Cryosphere, 13, 2537–2556, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2537-2019, 2019.
Seehaus, T., Malz, P., Sommer, C., Soruco, A., Rabatel, A., and Braun, M.: Mass balance and area changes of glaciers in the Cordillera Real and Tres Cruces, Bolivia, between 2000 and 2016, J.Glaciol., 66, 124–136, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.94, 2020.
SENAMHI: Datos hidrometeorológicos de Perú, Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú [data set], https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?&p=descarga-datos-hidrometeorologicos (last access: July 2022), 2022.
Shaw, T. E., Caro, A., Mendoza, P., Ayala, Á., Pellicciotti, F., Gascoin, S., and McPhee, J.: The Utility of Optical Satellite Winter Snow Depths for Initializing a Glacio-Hydrological Model of a High-Elevation, Andean Catchment, Water Resour. Res., 56, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027188, 2020.
Sicart, J. E., Wagnon, P., and Ribstein, P.: Atmospheric controls of heat balance of Zongo Glacier (16° S, Bolivia), J.Geophys. Res., 110, D12106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005732, 2005.
Sicart, J. E., Ribstein, P., Francou, B., Pouyaud, B., and Condom, T.: Glacier mass balance of tropical Zongo Glacier, Bolivia, comparing hydrological and glaciological methods, Global Planet. Change, 59, 27–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.11.024, 2007.
Sicart, J. E., R. Hock, and Six, D.: Glacier melt, air temperature, and energy balance in different climates: The Bolivian Tropics, the French Alps, and northern Sweden, J.Geophys. Res., 113, D24113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010406, 2008.
Soruco, A., Vincent, C., Rabatel, A., Francou, B., Thibert, E., Sicart, J. E., and Condom, T.: Contribution of Glacier Runoff to Water Resources of LaPaz City, Bolivia (16° S), Ann. Glaciol., 56, 147–154, https://doi.org/10.3189/2015AoG70A001, 2015.
Stuefer, M.: Investigations on Mass Balance and Dynamics of Moreno Glacier Based on Field Measurements and Satellite Imagery, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 1999.
Takeuchi, Y., Naruse, R., and Satow, K.: Characteristics of heat balance and ablation on Moreno and Tyndall glaciers, Patagonia, in the summer 1993/94, Bulletin of Glacier Research, 13, 45–56, 1995.
WGMS: Global Glacier Change Bulletin No.4 (2018–2019), edited by: Zemp, M., Nussbaumer, S. U., Gärtner-Roer, I., Bannwart, J., Paul, F., and Hoelzle, M., ISC (WDS)/IUGG (IACS)/UNEP/UNESCO/WMO, World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland, 278pp., Based on database version, https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2021-05, 2021.
Zhang, G. Q., Bolch, T., Yao, T. D., Rounce, D. R., Chen, W. F., Veh, G., King, O., Allen, S. K., Wang, M. M., and Wang, W. C.: Underestimated mass loss from lake-terminating glaciers in the greater Himalaya, Nat. Geosci., 16, 333–338, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01150-1, 2023.
Zimmer, A., Meneses, R. I., Rabatel, A., Soruco, A., Dangles, O., and Anthelme, F.: Time Lag between Glacial Retreat and Upward Migration Alters Tropical alpine Communities, Perspect. Plant Ecol., 30, 89–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2017.05.003, 2018.
